水分状况及硼素营养对油菜苗期根系生长及硼营养效率的影响

采用温室盆栽试验 ,研究了不同土壤水分条件下施硼对油菜苗期根系生长、硼吸收、利用及其移动性的影响。结果表明 ,随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降 ,油菜根长、根体积、根系生长速率、根 /冠比减小 ,根系及地上部干物质积累降低 ,植株地上部硼浓度及含硼量下降。而硼利用效率、硼运移指数则随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降而升高。不同油菜品种的根系形态参数 (包括根长、根体积、根干重、根冠比及根系生长速率 )、硼利用效率及运移指数存在明显差异 ,即在相同条件下 ,V1根系较发达 ,硼利用效率、运移指数均高于V4 。研究认为 ,根系发达程度、硼利用效率及硼移动性大小是不同基因型油菜耐缺硼差异的重要因素。     

自动测量胸径和树高便携设备的研制与测量精度分析

胸径和树高测量是评价立地质量和林木生长状况的重要依据,该文以图像自动识别原理、摄影测量原理、相似三角形几何原理和三角函数原理为理论基础,研制了可测量胸径和树高的多功能便携式微型超站仪,该设备集成电荷藕合器件图像传感器、倾角传感器、激光测距传感器、中央处理器、存储器、液晶显示屏,测量时可获取测站点到待测点的倾角和距离2个参数值,并记录存储测量时的图像信息,通过仪器的嵌入式操作程序,实现胸径的自动测量、树高测量、任意处直径自动测量、基本测量等4项基本功能。通过试验验证,215株立木的单次胸径测量的平均绝对误差为0.369 cm,平均相对误差为2.08%。101株立木的单次树高测量的平均相对误差为1.44%。胸径测量精度达到97.92%,树高测量精度达到98.56%,符合国家森林资源连续清查中的测量精度要求。该设备为森林资源调查提供了参考。     

Effect of molecular complexity and acidity of earthworm faeces humic fractions on glutamate dehydrogenase,glutamine synthetase,and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Daucus carota α II cells

Carrot cells were grown in cultures supplemented with two hormones [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6BAP)] and two humic fractions extracted from earthworm faeces, one with high acidity and a low apparent molecular size (<3500) and the other with low acidity and a large molecular size. 2,4-D stimulated growth through an effect on cell enlargement, while the strongly acidic humic fraction (0.2 mg l^-1) and the weakly acidic fraction (1 mg l^-1) were both less effective. With 4–16 h of pre-incubation, the highly acid humic fraction, mainly alone, induced the best increase in protein content; the effect of the weakly acid humic fraction and the hormones was generally less important. The two humic fractions also differed in their influence on glutamate dehydrogenase activity. After 2 h of pretreatment, the highly acidic fraction increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity, while the other fraction did not affect it. After 4–16 h of pre-incubation, the activity of this enzyme was still not influenced by these humic fractions. The presence of the two hormones did not interfere with the humic matter effects. Glutamine synthetase activity was not affected by a pre-incubation of up to 4 h with the two humic fractions, but it was stimulated after 8–16 h of pre-incubation. A 2,4-D+6BAP mixture stimulated glutamine synthetase activity (from +12 to +50%). Again, the presence of the hormones did not interfere with the effects induced by the humic fractions. After 16 h of pre-incubation, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was increased by the highly acidic humic fraction (+93%) and by both humic fractions together (+34%). An explanation of the different incubation times necessary for the humic fractions to exert stimulatory effects on these enzymes is proposed here. The regulatory properties of the strongly acidic humic fraction appeared to depend on the combination of high acidity (expecially carboxylic C) with low molecular size.     

抗盐小麦突变体的诱变筛选及其抗盐性的比较

Ｘ射线辐照前用修复抑制剂咖啡因预处理或辐照后热处理诱变冬小麦萌发种子，Ｘ射线剂量８．６Ｇｙ，剂量率２．１５Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ。在不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ溶液中进行抗盐突变体的筛选。３个原始品种的诱变处理对比实验表明，相对于单纯的Ｘ射线２，Ｘ射线分别与咖啡因以及热复合处理，能够显提高小麦萌发１．９％ＮａＣｌ溶液中生长１５天的苗存活率。将在１．９％ＮａＣｌ溶液中生长１５天存活的小植株移植到人工气候室中加代繁殖。     

一个新的水稻窄叶突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

水稻叶片形态相关突变体是水稻功能基因组学研究和株型改良的重要材料.本研究以新的窄叶突变体MR11为研究材料,发现该突变体在整个生育期表现为窄叶、叶长变短和植株矮化.叶片组织结构观察发现由于叶脉数减少和叶脉问宽度减小,导致突变体倒二叶叶片宽度不及野牛型的1/2.F2和BC1F1两个群体分离结果表明该窄叶突变体表型受一对隐...     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

毛白杨苗期生长特性及需肥量研究

为培育毛白杨优质壮苗,对易县毛白杨雌株2年生苗木的生长节律、生物量与营养元素含量、光合与蒸腾速率等进行观测研究,结果表明:毛白杨2年生苗木的生长高峰与生物量积累高峰均在7~8月份,苗木含水率以生长前期(5~7月)最高,蒸腾速率与光合速率在较干旱的6月较低,5~6月份是加强抚育管理、培育优质壮苗的关键时期。毛白杨苗木对氮、钾、磷的需求比例为7.5 : 3 : 1,每培育1株2年生毛白杨苗木,需从土壤中吸收氮3.15 g,磷为0.42 g,钾为1.32 g。     

前氮后移施肥对冬小麦旗叶活性氧代谢和子粒产量的影响

１９９４－１９９６年高产冬小麦前氮后移施肥方式的产量效应和生理变化进行了研究。结果表明，采用此施肥方式可以减缓旗叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的积累，减少超氧阴离子的产生，提高旗叶片的叶绿素和蛋白质含量，延缓叶片衰老，显著增加穗粒重和产量。     

人工林落叶松木材的表面改质--醇溶性低分子酚醛树脂处理

论述了人工林落叶松木材经醇溶性低分子量酚醛树脂注入处理，改善其尺寸稳定性，即通过各种不同质量分数的PF树脂处理对比试验后，PF树脂质量分数在20％～30％时，木材的抗胀(缩)率达到60％以上，并且随着树脂质量分数的增加，木材的开裂减少。     

樟树苗期萌芽特性遗传变异初步研究

通过对樟树苗期种源／家系二水平试验研究，目的是为樟树遗传改良提供一些参考依据，研究表明，樟树的苗期萌芽率遗传变异存在于种源和家系二个层次；樟树早期芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率种源层次的变异远大于家系层次的变异。方差分析表明，樟树苗期种源间在早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率上有极显差异，晚期萌芽百分率性状有显差异，家系之间在早期萌芽百分率性状上有极显差异。种源内大多数家系间在苗期萌芽率上达不到显水平，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率各性状，高于遂川种源的家系分别有84，83，104个，低于遂川种源的分别有107，108，87个，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率与地理纬度均呈负相关，其中早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与地理纬度呈负极显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与年均温，1月均温和绝对低温极显相关，早期萌芽百分率与干季数显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率之间呈极显相关。